Genocide of the Tutsi in Rwanda

Introduction

The guide Studying Genocides presents nine genocides recognized by the UN, Canada, or Quebec. Here, discover the case of the genocide of the Tutsi in Rwanda, presented through four sections: the first section provides context for the study with a map, highlights, and a timeline; the second offers a problematization of the case under study; the third examines essential elements of the historical context; and the fourth section describes the genocide according to the six stages of the genocidal process.

EXCERPT FROM AN ACCOUNT

“We start to hear the radio saying that Rwanda has been attacked by the rebel[s]. So, immediately, what I remember, they start to have a newspaper spreading the word for hateful message[s]. Incitement, hatred for, against Tutsi. Then we are starting to be worried, [because] the propaganda is telling the people that those [who] are coming from north of the border, they are Tutsi, they are coming to kill Hutu. So they spread the word, the message. We start to be scared, wherever you’re walking on the streets, you start to see your neighbour[s]. They look at you like you’re dangerous. Those you grown up together, those who [are] your friends . . . they come to your house, they start to call you the name . . . ‘Inyenzi,’ which is cockroach. So, and they started [the] radio to motivate Hutu to tell them, you have to be careful of your neighbour. From that time, I do believe I lost weight within a week. So I started to feel like, you know, I[’d] better try to escape. So, what I remember during those times is about fear.”

Rwandan refugees at Kitali refugee camp, Goma, 1994 Credit: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration
1935
The divide between the three social categories Tutsi, Hutu and Twa on an ethnic and racial basis is deepened.
1935
1965
A new single-party power is installed
1965
October 1990
The war between the Rwandan army and the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) begins.
October 1990
1993
The Arusha Peace Accords are signed, and United Nations (UN) military forces (UNAMIR) are deployed in Rwanda.
1993
April 6, 1994
President Habyarimana is assassinated.
April 6, 1994
April 7, 1994
Start of massacres against Tutsi and moderate Hutu; assassination of Prime Minister Agathe Uwilingiyimana and the 10 Belgian soldiers who were providing her security
April 7, 1994
July 4, 1994
The Rwandan army is rerouted; the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) takes the capital.
July 4, 1994
April 20, 1994
A considerable portion of UNAMIR forces withdraw.
April 20, 1994
1994 - 2019
The Tutsi take power.
1994 - 2019

We have developed a comprehensive document that outlines and summarizes the entire narrative. Please download, print, and utilize it for your teaching and study purposes.

Pictures

Testimonials

“We start to hear the radio saying that Rwanda has been attacked by the rebel[s]. So, immediately, what I remember, they start to have a newspaper spreading the word for hateful message[s]. Incitement, hatred for, against Tutsi. Then we are starting to be worried, [because] the propaganda is telling the people that those [who] are coming from north of the border, they are Tutsi, they are coming to kill Hutu. So they spread the word, the message. We start to be scared, wherever you’re walking on the streets, you start to see your neighbour[s]. They look at you like you’re dangerous. Those you grown up together, those who [are] your friends . . . they come to your house, they start to call you the name . . . ‘Inyenzi,’ which is cockroach. So, and they started [the] radio to motivate Hutu to tell them, you have to be careful of your neighbour. From that time, I do believe I lost weight within a week. So I started to feel like, you know, I[’d] better try to escape. So, what I remember during those times is about fear.”

Testimonials' Videos